The occurrence and development of diseases are usually related to abnormal intracellular signaling networks. The use of drugs to target and regulate the corresponding key molecules or functional pathways to intervene is an important means of basic research and clinical treatment.

Biomacromolecular drugs have no restrictions on the target, and have unique advantages in specificity and efficacy, so they have become one of the most promising and highly competitive fields of drug research and development. However, it is difficult for biomacromolecules to freely penetrate the cell membrane to the cell. Therefore, the targets targeted by the currently approved biomacromolecules are mainly located outside the cell or on the cell membrane. However, the vast majority (70%) of potential drug targets are located inside cells. Therefore, how to effectively deliver biological macromolecules into cells has become an urgent task to unearth this unknown drug treasure.

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as TAT, can mediate the entry of biological macromolecules into cells, and have the advantages of high biocompatibility, simple operation, and low toxicity and side effects, and are currently a research hotspot in the field of protein delivery. one.